Graphs, Not Chains

Why LangGraph models an agent as an explicit graph of nodes and edges instead of a hidden loop, and the core primitives that make that possible.

Durable State and Checkpoints

How LangGraph snapshots a graph’s state after every step, so a run can survive a crash, get inspected mid-flight, or resume exactly where it left off.

Human-in-the-Loop Interrupts

How LangGraph’s interrupt() pauses a running graph mid-step to ask a human before a risky action, and how Command(resume=…) picks it back up.

Tracing Agents with OpenTelemetry

When one specific agent run goes wrong, aggregate pass rates won’t tell you where. A span tree of every model call and tool call will, whether it’s built automatically, by a decorator, or by hand.

Timeouts, Retries, and Loop Limits

A timeout bounds a call, a retry survives a transient failure, and a hard iteration limit is what stops an agent that never planned to.